I hadn’t expected to receive a letter
قبلاً زمان گذشته استمراری و منفی کردن آن را یاد گرفتیم:
Nothing. I wasn’t doing anything.
The Big Sick (2017)
I wasn’t going to do anything.
Wanderlust (2012)
می‌بینیم که با افعال کمکی be، داریم یک گزاره منفی را درباره انجام ندادن کاری در گذشته بیان می‌کنیم.
گزاره‌های منفی دیگری را هم به کمک فعل کمکی had هم در قالب زمان گذشته کامل می‌توانیم بسازیم:
I’m sorry. I hadn’t expected you to be a woman.
The Spy Who Loved Me (1977)
I hadn’t expected to receive a letter from her.
در همه این جملات، فعل کمکی به شکل منفی برای بیان یک گزاره منفی در گذشته به کار می‌رود.
It was raining for seventy two hours and it wasn’t going to stop.
You know, I hadn’t realized you were so pretty.
Enchanted April (1991)
تفاوت گذشته استمراری و کامل را هم می‌دانیم: گذشته استمراری درباره زمانی است که آن کار، استمرار داشته و داشته انجام می‌شده است اما در گذشته کامل اینگونه نیست: آن کار کامل و انجام شده است.
به تفاوت دو جمله زیر توجه کنید:
It was playing… when I realized I was in love first time in my life.
And So It Goes (2014)
When he came home, he found that his wife had left him.
Twilight’s Last Gleaming (1977)
تمرین
درباره یک اتفاق در گذشته خود صحبت کنید و این دو ساختار را در قالب دو جمله بیاورید.
when she opened the door, I was eating cake
I was going to leave the house, because I was really angry
I hadn’t understood how hurt he were
When he went to work, he found out that his boss had changed.
you know, I hadn’t meant to upset you .
He had left the company before I started my own career as a flight attendant.
He was putting the books back while I was talking on the phone.
He had knocked the building down before we discussed about it.
I hadn’t guessed this was tge correct answer.
When the coach called me, I had sent my report.
Because, due to some medical problems, I hadn’t yet launched the game.
I was studing for my exam when i realozed i had forgotten to eat lunch.
I was very hungry because i had forgottento eat lunch.
۱-He hadn’t gone yet, when I arrived there.
۲-when I went there, she hadn’t talked that point.
I hadn’t expected that she to be a liar.
My friend wasn’t going to give up her job.
It was raining when I first met him.
He was lying about his family. I haven’t believed him.
We were playing at the park when he heard her mom pass away.
You weren’t helping at all. I hadn’t expected you to be this careless.
By the time I arrived, they had already finished eating dinner.
They had cleaned the house before the guests arrived.
They were watching TV when I called them.
I was studying at the library when she texted me.
past continuous:
While I was walking to the store, I saw a group of children playing in the park.
past Perfect:
By the time I had reached the store, I had already seen a group of children playing in the park.
گذشته ساده و گذشته کامل:
When I arrived at the mall, I realized that my son had been there for half an hour.
گذشته استمراری و گذشته ساده:
My friend was exercising when I arrived at the gym.
While I was walking in the park, I saw a beautiful rainbow.
He had never seen such a spectacular sunset before that moment.
I was very angry with the English word but now I am happy
I didn’t have a lifestyle of learning English in the past