گرامر مبتدی فعل-قید
گفتیم صفت، اسم را توصیف میکند. این apple است:
اما این red apple است:
به طور مشابه، قید یا adverb هم فعل را توصیف میکند:
Snow White eats apple
Snow White eats apple quickly
در اینجا quickly توضیح بیشتری به فعل جمله یعنی eat اضافه می کند (سیب را خورد. چگونه؟ با عجله خورد) پس قید محسوب میشود.
بنابراین، همانطور که صفت، اطلاعات بیشتری در مورد اسم می دهد، قید هم جزئیات بیشتری در مورد فعل جمله، در اختیار ما میگذارد.
بیست قید اول زبان انگلیسی از نظر میزان رایج بودن عبارتند از:
up, so, out, just, now, more, also, here, well, very, only, then, there, back, even, down, still, too, really, most
از آنجا که قید، با فعل میآید، بد نیست تعدادی از رایج ترین قیدها را با رایج ترین فعلها جفت کنیم.
see well
do now
come back
say more
find here
know very
go there
get up
need most
try really
want too (loud)
be only
work out
Come back next week.
I didn’t think you were forced to go there on the weekend.
Just try not to say anything too loud or crass.
We try really hard.
What do you think you’ll find here?
طبیعی است که تمام ترکیبات ممکن بین قیدها و فعلها معنی دار نباشد (مثلاً do back).
ساختن قید با پسوند ly
برای ساختن قید، گاهی پسوند ly را به صفت اضافه می کنیم. برای مثال slow یک صفت است مثلاً در عبارت slow car.
اما اگر یک ly به آن اضافه کنیم می شود قید: slowly. برای مثال به جمله زیر توجه کنید:
come slowly (به آرامی بیا)
Breathe slowly.
اما بعضی از قیدها نیازی به ly ندارند؛ مانند fast و بسیاری قیدهایی که در بالا ذکر کردیم.
Don’t go too fast.
تمرین
یک جمله ساده را بدون قید بنویسید.
بعد به جزئیات آن فعل توجه کنید و با توجه به آن یک قید اضافه کنید.
ممکن است گربهای در اطرافتان باشد که خوابیده است. چنین جملهای میتوان ساخت:
The cat sleeps
چگونه خوابیده؟ آرام و عمیق
The cat sleeps peacefully.
in English type
i type in English happily
I type some words very slowly.
I type my answer
I type my answer slowly
I eat food.
I eat slowly.
I wake up every day.
I wake up early every morning.
I reed this lesson
I reed this lesson very fast
he came
he came alone
The room is white
The room is white and very clean.
He speaks fast
He gets ip early and comes back home soon
He wash’es the dish’es cleanly
she runs in the park.
she runs too fast in the park.
This place is quiet very fearly.
I must work hardly.
You drive fast.
She walks slowly
We sleep on weekends.
We sleep deeply on weekends .
She drive.
She drive carefully.
my brother drinks water.
my brother drinks water quickly.
He came back his room quickly.
I can speak English.
I can’t speak English fluently.
He gets up in the morning.
He gets up early in the morning.
He is a student.
He is a smart student.
He is a very smart student.
I must do my homework quickly.
You’re late. You should go now.
The boy reads.
The boy reads loudly.
The woman is walking.
The woman is hardly walking.
The upstairs girl is crying.
The upstairs girl is sadly crying.
He sings.
He sings badly!
For example:
Birds sing.
Birds melodiously sing.
or
The sun shines.
The sun brightly shines.
or
The wind blows.
The wind gently blows.
or
The rain falls.
The rain heavily falls.
She drives slowly
He drives carefully.
I eat lunch quickly.
The bride and groom entered the church slowly.
he goes to office slowly.
she come back to yard quickly.
They did not try hard enough. They should have tried much harder.
She happily accepted the gift.
I just finished reading the book.
She really enjoys playing the piano.
I try to eat my food slowly
she can’t listen to her teacher carefully
he always drive fast
every weekend, we go mount climbing passionately
فکر کنم جمله آخر اینجوری باشه بهتره
every weekend, we passionately go to mount climbing.
You say more about your problem
جمله درستیه. اینجا more قید جمله ست.
Cut paper
Go to home
You come to my shop
I write for love
ممنونم عمو هوشنگ عزیز،
چند پیشنهاد برای بهبود این جملات:
cut the paper carefully
go home quickly
You should come to my shop
I passionately write for love
see well me
do now my work
come back, my baby
say more to me now
find here my book
know very, but aren’t know?
go there if he comes to bake
get up in my car
ممنونم عمو هوشنگ عزیز،
جملات خوبی بودن
چند پیشنهاد برای بهبود این جملات:
See me well
البته شاید جملات روان تری هم بشه به جای این گفت بسته به چیزی که مدنظرمون هست
look at me carefully
get in my car quickly
به بقیه هم میشه قیدهای دیگری اضافه کرد
He goes out.
He goes out quickly.
He runs fast.
درسته مهدی جان fast قید جمله ست.